منابع مشابه
Economic Planning in Developing Economies
This entry reviews planning models as applied to developing countries. Aggregative, sectoral and project appraisal techniques are discussed. It is seen that while there was signi cant progress in the post-war period in devising sophisticated techniques, the ascendancy of market friendly reforms in the recent era has emphaized the use of dynamic and computable general equilibrium models. Many of...
متن کاملProblems of planning economic policy
The word ‘planning’ is often used to denote the technical elaboration of the means needed for the implementation of a policy which is considered as already given. This use of the word, however, obscures an important element in the concept of planning: far from being given a priori, an economic policy needs itself to be planned or, shall we say, designed. Some of the principal problems connected...
متن کاملAn Economic Model of the Planning Fallacy
People tend to underestimate the work involved in completing tasks and consequently finish tasks later than expected or do an inordinate amount of work right before projects are due. We present a theory in which people underpredict and procrastinate because the exante utility benefits of anticipating that a task will be easy to complete outweigh the average ex-post costs of poor planning. We sh...
متن کاملEconomic planning, computers and labor values
Since the collapse of the Soviet Union it has seemed to many that the socialist calculation debate is essentially over, with a decisive verdict in favor of the market. Recent instabilities in the world market are again prompting the question whether some form of conscious regulation of economies may be appropriate. We argue that the increasing power of modern computer technology along with the ...
متن کاملIntegrating economic costs into conservation planning.
Recent studies that incorporate the spatial distributions of biological benefits and economic costs in conservation planning have shown that limited budgets can achieve substantially larger biological gains than when planning ignores costs. Despite concern from donors about the effectiveness of conservation interventions, these increases in efficiency from incorporating costs into planning have...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 1963
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/198119a0